A New Topology for Electric All-Terrain Vehicle Hybrid Battery Systems Using Low-Frequency Discrete Cell Switching

This article presents an investigation into the feasibility of a novel discrete-switched topology for electric all-terrain vehicle (e-ATV) hybrid battery system (HBS) that avoids expensive and bulky dc–dc converters using simpler structure together with intelligent low-frequency switching algorithm. Hardware is simplified at expense more complex control. The algorithm switches cells in out series strings, based on their state charge relative to other pack power being drawn from pack. principles are demonstrated simulated model combining lithium-titanate-oxide (LTO) lithium-iron-phosphate (LFP) e-ATV Despite its simplicity, successfully allocates different elements ensures remains broadly balanced throughout discharge, ending up good balance: LFP balance within 0.01% each LTO 0.1% other. While focuses essential concept, it also identifies future research including thermal effects, uncertainties estimation, cell aging nonuniformly, consideration powertrain components, example, motor electronics.